Dr. Alla Bujskikh
Institute
of Archaeology, National Ucrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiew
”Greek Architecture of the Northern Black Sea Region
(Olbia, Chersonesos, Panticapeion”
Mittwoch,
16. Januar 2002 um 19.00 Uhr im Hörsaal des Robertinums,
Universitätsplatz 12
New influences coming from Attica in connecting with Doric order and Attic type of Ionic order can be seen only after the second quarter of V c. The best examples are known in Olbia, they have close parallels with official architecture of Athenian State. Such a situation can be explained with an expanse in political sphere provided by Athens. The new impulse in the architectural evolution of the region appeared in early-Hellenistic time. Exactly this period can be considered a time of creation of local architectural schools developed in three main states of the Northern Pontic territory. One of the most interesting can be found in Chersonesos - the local craftsmen invented some muster-examples in order decoration orientated to Asia Minor (relief derocation) and mainland Greece (painted polychrome decoration).
City-building programs realized in the cities of the
region create a subject of special interest. The earliest regular city-planning
system is known now in Borysthenes. In general it can be compared with regular
city-plans invented during the Great Greek Colonisation in South Italy and Sicily.
Borysthenes plan is not fully investigated yet, but it is quite visible it had
two differently orientated systems of city-blocks and temenos. Another perfect
example creates a city-plan of Chersonesos Tauricos, realized after the middle
of IV c BC. Its common idea was initiated by the school city-building created
by Hippodamo from Miletos. The reconstruction of planning system permitted to
suppose the existence of some ideal types of houses for members of city community
with different social level and the necessary presence of agora of Hippodamian
type. Olbia gives another situation with only separate elements of regularity
in its city-planning and highly developed city center with temenos and agora
included the necessary number of official buildings. Another example is known
in acropolis of Panticapaion. There some official buildings connected with an
activity of Bosporus rulers (including a palace) were investigated for the last
decades. Northern Pontic architecture represents also a separate school of inner-housing
decorations developed like a separate direction of First Pompeian style. In
spite of the total destruction of the Greek sites of the region in ancient and
new times it is possible to consider that the Greek architecture progressively
developed here in accordance with the same stylistic principals like in all
the Western Mediterranean. Moreover, exactly the Greek order architecture never
mixed with barbarian building tradition being a strong inspiration of the Greek
personality in barbarian surrounding in all the cities of the region.
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